ANTH 4633: ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTING AND REMOTE SENSING

COURSE TOPICS & SCHEDULE

PART I. BACKGROUND

1.      Overview of Class: Terrestrial Remote Sensing (August 23 & 25)

Definitions, goals, scope of methods, active & passive techniques

• Kvamme, K.L. 2005. Terrestrial Remote Sensing in Archaeology, In Handbook of Archaeological Methods, H. Maschner and C. Chippendale, eds., AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland, in press. (This paper to be used through semester).

2.      GIS Methods (August 25) Review Class Lecture

Vectors, rasters, reclassification, Boolean methods, map algebra

• Kvamme, K.L. 1999. Recent Directions and Developmenrts in Geographical Information Systems. Journal of Archaeological Research 7(2):153-201. (For topics 2-3).

3.      Modeling as Prospecting (August 30 & September 8) Review Class Lecture

*** Project 1 Assigned, September 1 (Due September 20) ***

Statistical & other projections onto a landscape as a prospecting tool

• Kvamme, K.L. 2005. Archaeological Modeling with GIS at Scales Large and Small. In Reading the Historical Spatial Information in the World: Studies for Human Cultures and Civilizations Based on Geographic Information Systems. International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Kyoto (volume in preparation). (Read first part on regional GIS modeling for now).

4.      Image Processing (September 1 & 6) Review Class Lecture

Contrast enhancements, convolution filters, edge matching

• Schowengerdt, R.A. (1983). Chapter 2, Digital Image Processing, in Techniques for Image Processing and Classification in Remote Sensing, by R.A. Schowengerdt, pp. 57-96.
  (This book is available at the Library Reserve Desk under the course ANTH/GEOG 4553, Introduction to Raster GIS; a photocopy is also provided in the Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Perkins, Phil (1996). An Image Processing Technique for the Suppression of Traces of Modern Agricultural Activity in Aerial Photographs. In Interfacing the Past, Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, CAA95, Vol. 1, H. Kamermans and K. Fennema, eds., Analecta Praehistorica, Leidensia 28, University of Leiden, pp. 139-145. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)

5.      Pattern Recognition (September 13) Review Class Lecture

Characteristics of anthropogenic constructions

Kvamme, K.L. 2006. Remote Sensing Approaches to Archaeological reasoning: Physical Principles and Pattern Recognition. In Archaeological Concepts for the Study of the Cultural Past, Alan P. Sullivan III, ed., University of Utah Press, volume in preparation. (Read Part 1 on Pattern Recognition at this time).

PART 2: GROUND-BASED METHODS

Required textbook for this section: Gaffney, C., and J. Gater 2003. Revealing the Buried Past: Geophysics for Archaeologists. Tempus Publishing, Stroud, Gloucestershire, England.

6.      Field Methods (September 15) Review Class Lecture; QUIZ 1 on Thursday, September 15

Setting up & performing geophysical surveys

Gaffney & Gater: Chapter 4, Survey Logistics

7.      Magnetometry (September 20-29) Review Class Lecture;

Project 1 Due on Tuesday, September 20

*** Project 2 Assigned, September 29 (Due October 18) ***

Theory, instruments, applications

• Gaffney & Gater: Chapter 2, p.36-46; Chapter 3, p. 61-74; review case studies, Chapters 6-8
• Becker, Helmut 1995. From Nanotesla to Picotesla--a New Window for Magnetic Prospecting in Archaeology. Archaeological Prospection 2:217-228. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Gaffney, C.F. et al. (2000). Large-scale systematic fluxgate gradiometry at the Roman city of Wroxeter. Archaeological Prospection 7:81-99. (Available on-line, through library or in Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)

8.      Electrical Resistivity (October 4-6) Review Class Lecture

Theory, instruments, applications

• Gaffney & Gater: Chapter 2, p.26-35; Chapter 3, p. 56-61; review case studies, Chapters 6-8
• Dabas, M., Hesse, A., Tabbagh, J. (2000). Experimental Resistivity Survey at Wroxeter Archaeological Site with a Fast and Light Recording Device. Archaeological Prospection 7:107-118. (Available on-line, through library or in Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Walker, A.R. (2000). Multiplexed resistivity survey at the Roman town of Wroxeter. Archaeological Prospection 7:119-132. (Available on-line, through library or in Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)

9.      Electromagnetic Induction (October 11-13) Review Class Lecture

Theory, instruments, applications

• Gaffney & Gater: Chapter 2, p.42-44
• Bevan, Bruce W. (1983). Electromagnetics for Mapping Buried Earth Features. Journal of Field Archaeology 10(1):47-54. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)

10.  Metal Detectors (October 13) Review Class Lecture

Theory, instruments, applications

• Gaffney & Gater: Chapter 2, p.46-47
• Connor, Melissa, and Douglas D. Scott (1998). Metal Detector Use in Archaeology: An Introduction. Historical Archaeology 32(4): 76-85. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)

11.  Ground Penetrating Radar (October 18-25) Review Class Lecture
Project 2 Due on Tuesday, October 18
QUIZ 2 on Thursday, October 20

Theory, instruments, applications

• Gaffney & Gater: Chapter 2, p.47-51;Chapter 3, p. 74-76; review case study, p. 158-159.
• Conyers, Lawrence B. 2004. Ground-penetrating Radar for Archaeology. AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland (This is an optional purchase book, also held on reserve; examine as much of this book as possible.)

12.   Other Geophysical/Geochemical Methods (October 27). Review Class Lecture
An additional class session will be held from 9:30-10:50 am in Old Main 322 whereProfessor Tony James Wilkinson (Associate Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology, Emeritus , University of Chicago) will speak on Landscape Archaeology .

Self potential, seismic, magnetic susceptibility, geochemical techniques

• Gaffney & Gater: Chapter 2, p. 52-54; Read Weymouth & Woods plus additional article from list
• Bintliff, John L., C. Gaffney, A. Waters, and B. Davies (1990). Trace Metal Accumulation in Soils On and Around Ancient Settlements in Greece . In Man's Role in the Shaping of the Eastern Mediterranean Landscape, S. Bottema et al. eds., A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 159-172. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Gaffney, C., G. Hughes and J. Gater 2005. Geophysical Surveys at King Lobengula's Palace KoBulawayo, Zimbabwe. Archaeological Prospection 12:31-49. (Available on-line, through library or in Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Heron, C. 2001. Geochemical Prospecting. In Handbook of Archaeological Science, Brothwell & A.M. Pollard, eds., John Wiley, pp. 565-573. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Weinstein-Evron, M., Y. Mart and A. Beck (1991). Geophysical Investigations in the el-Wad Cave , Mt. Carmel , Israel . Geoarchaeology 6(4):355-65.(Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Weymouth , John W., and William I. Woods (1984). Combined Magnetic and Chemical Surveys of Forts Kaskaskia and de Chartres Number 1, Illinois. Historical Archaeology 18(2): 20-37. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Wynn, J.C., and S.I. Sherwood (1984). The Self-Potential (SP) Method: An Inexpensive Reconnaissance and Archaeological Mapping Tool. Journal of Field Archaeology 11: 195-204.(Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)

13.   Surface Topography (November 1) Review Class Lecture

Theory, field techniques, digital models, computer methods

• Doody, Martin, Oaul Synnott, Redmond Tobin and Barry Masterson (1995). A Topographic Survey of the Inland Promontory Fort at Castle Gale, Carrig Henry, Co. Limerick. In Discovery Programme Reports 2: Project Results 1993. Royal Irish Academy, Discovery Programme, Dublin. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Jones, D.M., A. McLaren 2003. Where on Earth are We? The Global Positioning System (GPS) in Archaeological Field Survey. English Heritage, Swindon. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Kvamme, K.L. et al. 2005. Robotic Total Station for Microtopographic Mapping: An Example from the Northern Great Plains. Archaeological Prospection, in press.
• Newman, Connor (1992). The Tara Survey: Interim Report. In Discovery Programme Reports 1: Project Results1992. Royal Irish Academy, Discovery Programme, Dublin. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)

14.   Surface Archaeology & Probes (November 1) Review Class Lecture

Surface mapping & distributional archaeology; coring as a prospecting method

• Dancey, William S. (1988). The Community Plan of an Early Late Woodland Village in the Middle Scioto River Valley . Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 13(2):223-58. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Dunnell, Robert C., and William S. Dancey (1983). The Siteless Survey: A Regional Scale Data Collection Strategy. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol. 6, M.B. Schiffer, ed., Academic Press, New York , pp. 267- 87 (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Flannery , Kent V. (1976). Sampling by Intensive Surface Collection. In The Mesoamerican Village , K.V. Flannery, ed., Academic Press, New York , pp. 51-62. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Howell, T.L. 1993. Evaluating the Utility of Auger Testing as a Predictor of Subsurface Artifact Density. Journal of Field Archaeology 20: 475-484. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Keay, S., J. Creighton, and D. Jordan (1991). Sampling Ancient Towns. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 10(3): 371-383. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Killion, T.W., J.A. Sabloff, G. Tourtellot, N.P. Dunning (1989). Intensive Surface Collection of Residential Clusters at Terminal Classic Sayil , Yucatan , Mexico . Journal of Field Archaeology 16:273-94. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Whalen, Michael E. (1990). Defining Buried Features Before Excavation: A Case from the American Southwest. Journal of Field Archaeology 17:323-331. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)

PART 3. AIR & SPACE METHODS

15.   Aerial Photography (November 17-22)

Photography fundamentals, recognition elements & air photo interpretation, Crawford’s classification

• Hailey, T.I. 2005. The Powered Parachute as an Archaeological Reconnaissance Vehicle. Archaeological Prospection 12: 69-78. (Available on-line, through library or in Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Kvamme, K.L. 2005. Terrestrial Remote Sensing in Archaeology, In Handbook of Archaeological Methods, H. Maschner and C. Chippendale, eds., AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland, in press. (Read section on aerial remote sensing through photography)
• Spicer, Dick (1985). Stereoscopic Representation of Archaeological Data: A Case for Drawing Conclusions in Depth. Science and Archaeology 27: 13-24. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Wilson , D.R. (2000). Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists (2nd ed.), Tempus Publishing , Great Britain. (This is an optional purchase book, also held on reserve; examine as much of this book as possible)

16.   Other Aerial Methods (November 22-29)

Infrared thermography, multispectral, AIRSAR, Lidar

• Barnes, I. 2003. Aerial Remote-sensing Techniques Used in the Management of Archaeological Monuments on the British Army's Salisbury Plain Training Area, Wiltshire, UK. Archaeological Prospoection 10:83-90. (Available on-line, through library or in Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Berlin , G.L., J.R. Ambler, R.H. Hevly, G.G. Schaber (1977). Identification of a Sinagua Agricultural Field by Aerial Thermography, Soil Chemistry, Pollen/Plant Analysis, and Archaeology. American Antiquity 42:588-600. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Donoghue, Daniel, and Ian Shennan (1988). The Application of Remote Sensing to Environmental Archaeology. Geoarchaeology 3:275-285. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Kvamme, K.L. 2005. Terrestrial Remote Sensing in Archaeology, In Handbook of Archaeological Methods, H. Maschner and C. Chippendale, eds., AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland, in press. (Read sections on multispectral, thermography, radar, laser altimetry)

17.   Satellite Systems (December 1)

Conventional satellites, IKONOS, QuickBird high resolution systems

• Donoghue, D.N.M. 2001. Remote Sensing. In Handbook of Archaeological Science, Brothwell & A.M. Pollard, eds., John Wiley, pp. 555-563. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Fowler, M.J. 2002. Satellite Remote Sensing and Archaeology: a Comparative Study of Satellite Imagery of the Environs of Figsbury Ring, Wiltshire. Archaeological Prospection 9:55-70. (Available on-line, through library or in Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Kvamme, K.L. 2005. Terrestrial Remote Sensing in Archaeology, In Handbook of Archaeological Methods, H. Maschner and C. Chippendale, eds., AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland, in press. (Read section on satellite remote sensing)
• Montufo, A.M. 1997. The Use of Satellite Imagery and Digital Image Processing in Landscape Archaeology: A Case Study from the Island of Mallorca, Spain. Geoarchaeology 12:71-85. (Available on-line, through library or in Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Sever, Thomas L. 2000. Remote Sensing Methods. In Science and Technology in Historic Preservation, Williamson & Nickens, eds., Kluwer/Plenum Publishers, New York. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Showalter, P.S. 1993. A Thematic Mapper Analysis of the Prehistoric Hohokam Canal System, Phoeniz, Arizona. Journal of Field Archaeology 20: 77-90. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)

PART 4. DATA INTEGRATION & INTERPRETATION

18.  Putting Complementary Data Together: the Whole is Larger than the Parts (December 6)

The role of GIS, graphical, discrete & continuous methods
Creating interpreted maps and management plans

• Gaffney & Gater: Chapter 5, Post-survey Analysis
• Johnson, J., and B.S. Haley 2003. Remote Sensing Techniques in Cultural Resource Management Archaeology. Paper presented at the 9th Symposium on Remote Sensing, SPIE Conference, Greece. (Anthropology Reading Room, Old Main 332)
• Kvamme, K.L. 2005. Integrating Multidimensional Geophysical Data. Archaeological Prospection, in press.
• Kvamme, K.L. 2005. Archaeological Modeling with GIS at Scales Large and Small. In Reading the Historical Spatial Information in the World: Studies for Human Cultures and Civilizations Based on Geographic Information Systems. International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Kyoto (volume in preparation). (Read second part on within-site GIS modeling of geophysical data)

THE LAST MEETING: STUDENT PRESENTATIONS, December 8