1999 Arkansas Land-use/Land-cover: Spring

Citation:

Citation Information:

Originator:
Bruce Gorham Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies
12 Ozark Hall
University of Arkansas
Fayetteville, AR 72701
Phone: (501) 575-6159

Publication Date: 30-JUN-2001
Title: 1999 Arkansas Land-use/Land-cover: Spring

Description:

Abstract:
This map depicts the land-use and land-cover of Arkansas as it occurred in the spring of 1999, and is one of three statewide map layers designed to show land-use changes throughout the year. Maps were also produced for summer and fall. The data are derived from Landsat TM 5 scenes and extensive ground-truth information. The maps focus primarily on agricultural land-use: crop and pasture lands. The maps consist of a broad based inventory of land-use and land-cover. Map categories fall with 6 broad "Level 1" categories: water, forest, barren, herbaceous, agricultural lands, and urban. Each level 1 category is broken into several, more discrete, "Level 2" subcategories, e.g. crop type, pasture type, etc. Forest categories (101 through 128) are those derived by the 1992 Arkansas Gap project and species listed are indicator species. Detailed information on the categories and the species associated with them are provided at www.cast.uark.edu/gap.
The following is a listing of the Level 2 Category Codes and Labels

11 Urban Level 1
12 Urban Level 2
13 Urban Level 3
14 Urban Other (Park, Golf Course, Cemetery, etc.)
21 Major Roads
22 Railroads
23 Airports/Landing Strips
31 Barren Land (Sand Bars/Mining Operations/Exposed Rock)
41 Perennial Water
42 Flooded
101 Forest Unclassified
102 Shortleaf Pine (Pinus Echinata)
103 Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda)
104 Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus Virginiana)
105 White Oak, Northern Red Oak, Shortleaf Pine, Hickory
106 Loblolly Pine, Shortleaf Pine, Oak
107 Eastern Red Cedar, Mixed Pine-Hardwood
108 American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
109 White Oak, Mixed Hardwoods
110 Northern Red Oak, Mixed Oak
111 Southern Red Oak, Mixed Oak
112 Post Oak (Quercus stellata)
113 Eastern Red Cedar, Oak
114 Shortleaf Pine, Oak
115 White Cedar, Oak
116 Oak, Black Hickory (Quercus spp. Carya Texana)
117 Overcup Oak (Quercus Lyrata)
118 Water Hickory (Carya Aquatica)
119 Cherrybark Oak (Quercus Falcata var. Pagodifolia)
120 Sugarberry (Celtis Laevigata)
121 Nuttall Oak (Quercus Nuttallii)
122 Willow Oak (Quercus Phellos)
123 Sweetgum (Liquidambar Styraciflua)
124 Baldcypress, Mixed Hardwoods
125 Baldcypress (Taxodium Distichum)
126 Tupelo, Gum (Nyssa)
127 Willow, Cottonwood (Salix, Populus)
128 Birch, Sycamore, Maple (Betula, Platanus, Acer)
201 Soybeans
202 Rice
203 Cotton
204 Wheat/Oats
205 Sorghum/Corn
208 Bare Soil/Seedbed/Fallow
209 Warm Season Pasture
210 Cool Season Pasture

Purpose:
Optimal use of soil and water resources is one of the principal challenges facing Arkansans. Numerous water and soil conservation problems are directly related to land-use and land-cover including surface and ground water pollution, topsoil loss, increasing soil salinity levels, and ground water depletion. Different land-use and land-cover types have various impacts on soil and water resources. Therefore, it is important to map and track changes in land-use and land-cover. Accurate land-use maps can help soil and water scientists to identify potential problem areas, predict where problems are likely to occur in the future, and to model appropriate solutions. In 1998 the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission (ASWCC) provided funding to the Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies at the University of Arkansas to develop digital land-use/land-cover maps focusing on agricultural land-use for the 75 counties of Arkansas. Combined with existing spatial data, the information produced from this project will serve as a basis for the formulation of soil and water resource management policies and practices.
Time Period of Content:

Time Period Information:

Range of Dates/Times:

Beginning Date: 4/7/1999
Beginning Time: Unknown
Ending Date: 5/7/1999
Ending Time: Unknown

Spatial Domain:

Bounding Coordinates:

West Bounding Coordinate: -94.65
East Bounding Coordinate: -89.82
North Bounding Coordinate: 36.53
South Bounding Coordinate: 32.95

Keywords:

Place:

Place Keyword Thesaurus: None
Place Keyword: United States
Place Keyword: Arkansas

Use Constraints:
The Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission and the University of Arkansas' Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies should be acknowledged as the data source. This data product is not intended for site specific planning or research. It was designed primarily for planning and research at the county, regional, or statewide level.
Point of Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Organization Primary:

Contact Organization:
Bruce Gorham Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies
12 Ozark Hall
University of Arkansas
Fayetteville, AR 72701
Phone: (501) 575-6159

Lineage:

Source Information:

Source Citation:

Citation Information:

Originator:
Bruce Gorham Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies
12 Ozark Hall
University of Arkansas
Fayetteville, AR 72701
Phone: (501) 575-6159

Publication Date: 30-JUN-2001
Title: 1999 Arkansas Land-use/Land-cover: Spring

Source Time Period of Content:

Time Period Information:

Single Date/Time:

Time of Day: Unknown

Process Step:

Process Description:
1. Collected ground-truth (GT) data for image classification and accuracy assessment. A Trimble Pro XR GPS unit was used to collect (GT) samples for the following targets: Soybeans (Late and Early), Cotton, Rice, Sorghum, Corn, Bare Soil, Warm Season Pasture, and Cool Season Pasture. The GT data collection was done over a four week period in August and September. Week 1 was spent collecting GT crop information in southern Delta counties. Week 2 was spent collecting GT crop information in northern Delta counties. Week 3 was spent collecting cool vs. warm season pasture GT information in north and central Arkansas. Week 4 was spent collecting GT crop information in the Arkansas and Red River Valleys.
2. Purchased from Space Imaging/EOSAT all necessary Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper satellite data. Ten scene footprints are needed to cover the entire state. Three scenes were purchased for each footprint making a total of 30 scenes. When received the images were inspected for system error. Someerrors were found to exist in 3 scenes. They were returned and exchanged for other scene dates.

3. Image preprocessing. All Landsat images were geo-rectified to into a UTM projection and the NAD83 datum. Some scenes will be filtered to remove minor system/calibration errors as needed.

4. Image classification. For the purpose of this project we defined image classification as the extraction of differentiated classes or themes (land-use/land-cover information) from raw remotely-sensed digital satellite data. Using image interpretation methods and selected GT data collected in Task 1, the satellite data were used to train the computer software to recognize differences between differing crops (soybeans, rice, etc.) and differing pasture types (warm and cool season pastures) in a supervised image classification scheme. Urban and water land-use and land-cover categories were extracted using unsupervised classification methods. Forest data came from the Arkansas GAP Analysis Project 30 meter resolution dataset (circa 1992). Forest lands that had been converted to other land-use or land-cover types since 1992 were classified as their new category type. LULC coverage reports were produced for each county to show how much land area for each category is in each county.

5. Accuracy assessment. Using selected GT data collected in Task 1, but not used in Task 4, the accuracy of the crop and pasture categories in the final classified LULC maps was assessed.

The following is a listing of the Level 2 Category Codes and Labels

11 Urban Level 1
12 Urban Level 2
13 Urban Level 3
14 Urban Other (Park, Golf Course, Cemetery, etc.)
21 Major Roads
22 Railroads
23 Airports/Landing Strips
31 Barren Land (Sand Bars/Mining Operations/Exposed Rock)
41 Perennial Water
42 Flooded
101 Forest Unclassified
102 Shortleaf Pine (Pinus Echinata)
103 Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda)
104 Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus Virginiana)
105 White Oak, Northern Red Oak, Shortleaf Pine, Hickory
106 Loblolly Pine, Shortleaf Pine, Oak
107 Eastern Red Cedar, Mixed Pine-Hardwood
108 American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
109 White Oak, Mixed Hardwoods
110 Northern Red Oak, Mixed Oak
111 Southern Red Oak, Mixed Oak
112 Post Oak (Quercus stellata)
113 Eastern Red Cedar, Oak
114 Shortleaf Pine, Oak
115 White Cedar, Oak
116 Oak, Black Hickory (Quercus spp. Carya Texana)
117 Overcup Oak (Quercus Lyrata)
118 Water Hickory (Carya Aquatica)
119 Cherrybark Oak (Quercus Falcata var. Pagodifolia)
120 Sugarberry (Celtis Laevigata)
121 Nuttall Oak (Quercus Nuttallii)
122 Willow Oak (Quercus Phellos)
123 Sweetgum (Liquidambar Styraciflua)
124 Baldcypress, Mixed Hardwoods
125 Baldcypress (Taxodium Distichum)
126 Tupelo, Gum (Nyssa)
127 Willow, Cottonwood (Salix, Populus)
128 Birch, Sycamore, Maple (Betula, Platanus, Acer)
201 Soybeans
202 Rice
203 Cotton
204 Wheat/Oats
205 Sorghum/Corn
208 Bare Soil/Seedbed/Fallow
209 Warm Season Pasture
210 Cool Season Pasture

Cloud Cover: 0

Direct Spatial Reference Method: Raster

Horizontal Coordinate System Definition:

Planar:

Grid Coordinate System:

Grid Coordinate System Name: Universal Transverse Mercator 1983
Universal Transverse Mercator:

UTM Zone Number: 15
Transverse Mercator:

Scale Factor at Central Meridian: 0.96667
Longitude of Central Meridian: -93
Latitude of Projection Origin: 0
False Easting: 500000
False Northing: 0

Planar Coordinate Information:

Planar Coordinate Encoding Method: Coordinate Pair
Coordinate Representation:

Abscissa Resolution: 28.5
Ordinate Resolution: 28.5

Planar Distance Units: meters

Geodetic Model:

Horizontal Datum Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major Axis: 6378137
Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 298.257222

Metadata Date:
Metadata Review Date:
Metadata Future Review Date:
Metadata Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Organization Primary:

Contact Organization:
Bruce Gorham Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies
12 Ozark Hall
University of Arkansas
Fayetteville, AR 72701
Phone: (501) 575-6159