SOD

Standardized Osteological Database

by Bob Harris, Jerome C.Rose, and Courtney Waugh

Contents

Objectives

Installation and Setup

Software Overview

Adding New Data

Updating Data

Editing Data

Reports

Maintenance

Bone Code List

Table Structures

SOD OBJECTIVES

In 1990 the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicagoreceived support from the National Science Foundation to convene a seminar/workshoporganized by Jonathan Haas to develop standards for collecting data fromhuman skeletal remains scheduled to b e repatriated. The deliberation ofthe participants resulted in a set of recommendations published as StandardsFor Data Collection From Human Skeletal Remains, edited Jane E. Buikstraand Douglas H. Ubelaker. Realizing that collection and managementof these osteological data from potentially large collections of skeletonsrequires computerization, The Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies,with support from the National Science Foundation Grant DBS-9121552, developeda database application called SOD from these recommended standards withthe ultimate goal of stimulating a national osteological data archive andresearch resource.

This manual is intended as instruction using the SOD(Standardized Osteological Database) software, but is not intended to dictatestandards on the collection of osteological data. SOD was developed usingthe Standards For Data Collection From H uman Skeletal Remains. All of SOD'sdatabase tables and fields are derived from the data recording forms recommendedin the above publication. SOD was not developed with the intent to meetthe Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) c ompliance.Any data fields associated with the collection affiliations are solelythe opinion of the recorder and are not intended to be in compliance withNAGPRA regulations.

SOD is free-standing relational database applicationdeveloped using Microsoft FoxPro Relational Database Management System™.Microsoft FoxPro was used as the development software for several reasons.Foxpro software runs on both IBM compa tible and Apple Macintosh computers.FoxPro has a distribution kit which allows developers to distribute free-standing applications without the end-user having to own a copy ofFoxPro software. FoxPro creates "DBF" type files which can be importeddirec tly into most spreadsheet and statistical software packages.

One of the primary design objectives of a databaseapplication of this size is ease of use. With this in mind the SOD softwarewas designed with a point and click interface like Microsoft-Windows/AppleMacintosh. The software can be used with a mous e or a standard keyboard.A mouse is recommended but not required.

The SOD database application consists of one generalinformation table, twelve tables of skeletal information and eleven tablesof dental information. The application has one main menu with pull-downmenu options. The data entry and edit windows hav e pop-up lists with descriptivetext for all data fields that require alphabetical or numeric codes. Asingle key "Esc" functions as the "exit without change" thoughout the application.The reporting options consist of standardized report formats with the sa megeneral layout as the data entry screens, with point and click query generationand a customized reports option which allows the user to enter standardSQL statements to generate an unlimited number and variety of output.

Another primary design objective was data integrity.Every field on the data entry and edit windows that requires a code ischecked against a list of possible codes for that field. The dental informationdata entry windows only allow data entered in fields that has been recordedas teeth present in the dental inventory tables.

SOD INSTALLATION AND SETUP

System Requirements:

1) DOS version 3.20 or higher.
2) High density 3.5" or 5.25" disk drive.
3) Hard disk drive with 7 megabytes or more offree disk space.
4) 286 CPU but recommend a 386 CPU or better.
5) 520K of free memory.
6) The line "FILES=" in your config.sys file mustbe "FILES=43" or greater. Installation: 1) Insert diskette number 1 in your floppy diskdrive.
2) Make the disk drive with the SOD diskette thecurrent drive.
3) Type install and press enter.
4) Follow the instructions on the screen (you will be prompted to insert diskette 2). Example of installation from floppy drive A:    Insert in drive A:
   A:[Enter]
   install[Enter] The default drive and directory is C:\SOD. If you specifya different drive and/or directory in the installation program, you willneed to change the line "DEFAULT=C:\SOD" and "PATH=C\SOD\DATA;C:\SOD\RPTS"in the file config.fp which is located in t he new drive and/or directoryto reflect the change in the drive and/or directory.
The default file contains the follow lines: TALK = OFF
BELL = OFF
DEFAULT = C:\SOD
PATH = C:\SOD\DATA;C:\SOD\RPTS
MVCOUNT = 512
COMMAND = CLEAR
COMMAND = SET PROCEDURE TO boneproc.prg To run the SOD software, change directory to the directorycontaining the software and type sod then press enter.
Example with SOD in the directory C:\SOD cd \sod[Enter]
sod[Enter] Setup:
The first time you run the SOD software you willneed to activate the Maintenance option on the Main Menu and run Setupand enter the range of Key Numbers that you received with your software.If your computer is connected to a printer, yo u will also need to run thePrinter Setup option under the Maintenance option. See the Setup and PrintSetup options in the "Maintenance" section of this manual, p. 27

SOFTWARE OVERVIEW

The SOD software is designed to operate in different"modes". Each mode is represented by an option on the Main Menu. Thesemenu options are displayed at the top of the screen and can be accessedby clicking the left mouse button on an op tion or by pressing the "F10"function key, then using the arrow keys to navigate the menu bar. The menuoptions cause the software to take immediate action or display pull downmenus with multiple options.

MAIN MENU

Add_data Update_data Edit_data Browse Reports Maintenance Quit

________________________

_ _

_ Standardized _

_ Osteological _

_ Database _

_ _

________________________

Add_data: This option is used to add new data froma collection that had no previous entry in the general information table.Every new entry must have a minimum of one entry in the general informationtable and, in addition one en try in the inventory for complete remainstable or one or more entries in the inventory for commingled remains table.After the skeletal inventory information has been entered, the user ispresented with a supplemental menu with options to add additional inf ormationabout the current collection or to exit the "add new data" mode.
Update_date: This option is used to add new datato the supplemental database tables where data already exist for the collectionin the general information and inventory tables.
Edit_data: When you choose this option you arepresented with a pull down menu which lists all of the tables in SOD. Fromthis menu you may edit, delete or view data from any table.
Browse: This option also displays a pull downmenu of all the tables from which you can open a browse window. The browsewindow displays your data in a tabular form so that you may scroll throughboth records and fields to view your data.
Reports: The reports option gives the user theoption to run "Standard reports" or "Custom reports" options. The "Standardreports" option generates queries from a push button interface. The queriesare generated on fields in the general information table, producing outputfrom any of the database tables in text files format or in a format likethe data entry forms. The "Custom report" option allows the user to writestandard SQL queries producing an unlimited variety of output.
Maintenance: This option displays a pull downmenu with options to run the setup screen, printer setup screens, deleteand pack groups of data and import and export groups of data.
Quit: Use this option to exit from the software.

Adding New Data

When "Add_data" is chosen, the Main Menu is removed from the screen and replaced with the general information data entry screen below.
General Add/Edit screen functionality: All data entry and edit screens have a common functionality. You can use the mouse, arrow keys, or tab key to move to different fields on the screens. For screens with multiple windows you may move to the next or previous window by using the mouse, by clicking on the desired window,"page up" key, "page down" key, or by simply pressing "enter" when your cursor is in the last field on a window. The escape key allows you to exit from the current window or screen.

General Information Screen

+---------- General Information <----------+

| Key Number: __________ Catalog #: ________________|

| Individual: _ Sex Code: _ Age Code: __ |

| Mean Age: ____ Observer: ___ Date: |

|------------Site Information------------|

| #1 Name/#: &nb sp;/ |

| #2 Name/#: &nb sp;/ |

| Feature #: Site Location &n bsp; |

| Burial #: St/Cnty FIPS: / & nbsp; |

| Skeleton #: UTM E/N/ZONE: / / |

|Coord.(X/Y): / Lat./Lon.: : : / : : |

|-----------Collection Location------------|

| Organization: |

| Street/PO Box: ; |

| City,State Zip: , &nb sp; |

|----------Collection Affiliation-----------|

|Tribal Affil.: +-----+|

| Period: | < Save ||

| Culture: ; | ||

| Phase: &n bsp; | «Cancel» ||

| Variant: ; +-----+|

| &n bsp; |

+----F2 for code list / F3 to Save / Escto Cancel------+

Key Number: The "Key Number" is generatedautomatically. It is computed by adding the number one to the largest valueof the keyno field in the general information (main) table. This valuemust be in the range of key n umbers assigned when the software was distributed.The key number is used as an unique identifier code of each collectionand ties the information in other database tables back to the main table.The user can not add or edit the key number field.
Catalog #: The "Catalog Number" is a valuegenerated by the local user. It is used to identify the unique collections.This value may be any combination of letters or numbers up to 16 characters.After the catalog number is saved in the main table, the Catalog Numbercan not be changed.
Warning: "Please confirm #"; if yousave with wrong number, record must be deleted by keyno (maintenance, seebelow).
Individual: The data entry field "Individual:"must be coded as "S" for single individual (complete remains) or "M" formultiple individuals (commingled remains). The entry in this field determinesthe skeletal inventory data entry screen that will be displayed after savingthe general information screen.
Site Name #1: site number (be consistent); #2other name/number
Sex/Age Code: Press the function key "F2"when the cursor is in the age or sex field for codes.
St/Cnty FIPS: The state and county FIPScodes consist of a two digit code for each state and a three digit codefrom each county in the state. A list of these code may be found in theappendix. Press the function key "F2" when the c ursor is in the state fieldfor a list the states. After a valid state code has been entered, press"F2" to list the counties for that state.
The remaining fields on the general information screenare self explanatory. The collection location fields default to thevalues in the setup table. The Collection affiliation fields are not intendedto comply with the NAGPRA regulations and are the opinions of the observer.
Save/ Cancel: The user can save or cancel the dataentered by highlighting one of these buttons and pressing enter or by clickingthe left mouse button. The data on the screen can also be saved by pressingthe function key "F3" or canceled by pressing the "Esc" key.
If the user entered "S" for Complete Remains or"M" for Commingled Remains in the "Individual" field, the two inventorydata entry screens will be displayed.

NOTE: ALL ENTRIES IN THE GENERAL INFORMATION TABLEMUST HAVE AN ENTRY IN ONE OF THE INVENTORY TABLES. IF YOU CANCEL YOUR ENTRYIN THE INVENTORY TABLE, THE ENTRY FOR THAT KEY NUMBER WILL BE DELETED FROMTHE GENERAL INFORMATION TABLE.
INVENTORY FOR COMPLETE REMAINS
The data entry screen for this table will appearas six windows stacked like cards. This stacked design is used with alldata entry and edit screens that need additional room to display theirfields. As data is entered and the cursor is mo ved from the last fieldin one window to the first field on the next window, the stack of windowswill "shuffle", moving the current window to the top of the stack. Youmay also move new windows to the top of the stack by pressing the "PageDown"and "PageUP" keys or by clicking the left mouse button in the window.
The Inventory field values in windows 1-5 are representedby the bones codes listed (F2).
Window#1: Cranial, Shoulder, Sternum
The inventory field values for this window are representedby the bone codes listed (F2)
Note: There are various elements that appear on the databasebut are not on the Standards recording form. For example: SOD screen1 includes fields for mandibular condyle, hyoid and hyoid body, and xiphoidprocess which are found in the co mments sections of the Standards recordingform (Standards pp. 5-14, Attachment 1).
Similarly, there are skeletal elements which exist onthe Standards form like a field for sphenoid bone, not on SOD screen. These data should be recorded in the comments section of screen 6 of theInventory for Complete Remains.

Inventory for Complete Remains window #1:

+-------- BONE FRAGMENTS/COMMENTS --------+

| +---------- HAND/FOOT -----------+

| | +----------- LONG BONES -----------+

| | | +---------- RIBS/OS COXAE ----------+

| |H| |-+---------- VERTEBRAE -----------+

| | | | | +-------- CRANIAL/SHOULDER/STERNUM--------+

| | Key Number: 7 Catalog#: CAT7 |

| | | | | |-----------Cranial Bones------------|

| | Left Right Left Right |

| | Frontal: 0 0 Maxilla:0 0 |

| | Parietal: 0 0 Palatine:0 0 |

| | Occipital: 0 0 Mandible:0 0 |

| | Temporal: 0 0 Condyle:0 0 |

| | TMJ: 0 0 Hyoid: 0 0 |

| | Zygomatic: 0 0 Hyoid Body: 0 |

+-| |L| |-----------Shoulder/Sternum-----------|

| | Clavicle: 0 0 Sternum Manubrium: 0 |

| | Scapula: 0 0 Body: 0 ;|

| | Glenoid: 0 0 Xiphoid: 0 |

| +--F2 for list of Codes / F3 to Save / Escto Cancel---+

Window #2: Vertebra
The inventory values in this window are represented bythe bone codes listed (F2), with the exception of vertebrae C2-C6 and t1-t9which require counts.

Inventory for Complete Remain window #2:

+-------- CRANIAL/SHOULDER/STERNUM --------+

| +-------- BONE FRAGMENTS/COMMENTS --------+

|-| +---------- HAND/FOOT -----------+

| | | +----------- LONG BONES -----------+

| | | | +---------- RIBS/OS COXAE ----------+

| | |H| |-+---------- VERTEBRAE -----------+

| | Vertebrae (individual) Vertebrae (grouped) |

| | Number Complete |

| | Centrum Neural Arch Centrum Neural Arch |

| | C1: 0 0 ; |

| | C2: 0 0 ; |

| C3-C6: 0 0 0 &nb sp; 0 |

| C7: 0 0 & nbsp; |

| T1-T9: 0 0 0 &nb sp; 0 |

| T10: 0 0 |

| T11: 0 0 |

| T12: 0 0 |

| L1: 0 0 & nbsp; |

| L2: 0 0 & nbsp; |

| L3: 0 0 & nbsp; |

| L4: 0 0 & nbsp; |

| L5: 0 0 & nbsp; |

| Sacrum: 0 0 &nb sp; |

+--F2 for list of Codes / F3 to Save /Esc to Cancel---+

Window #3: Ribs
The inventory values in this window are represented bythe bone codes listed (F2), with the exception of Ribs 3-10 which requirecounts.
Note: No field exists for recording unsided rib fragments. Any unidentified fragments should be weighted and recorded in the commentssection at the bottom of Screen 6.

Inventory for Complete Remainwindow #3:

+---------- VERTEBRAE -----------+

| +-------- CRANIAL/SHOULDER/STERNUM --------+

| | +-------- BONE FRAGMENTS/COMMENTS --------+

| |-| +---------- HAND/FOOT -----------+

| | | | +----------- LONG BONES -----------+

| | | | | +---------- RIBS/OS COXAE ----------+

| | | |H| |-------------Ribs--------------|

| Ribs (individual) Ribs (grouped) |

| Number Complete ; |

| Left Right Left Right |

| 1st: 0 0 |

| 2nd: 0 0 |

|3-10: 0 0 0 0 &nb sp; |

|11th: 0 0 |

|12th: 0 0 |

| +-| | | |-------------Os Coxae-------------|

| Ilium Ischium Pubis Acetabulum Auricular Surface|

|Left 0 0 0 0 0 &nb sp; |

|Right 0 0 0 0 0 &n bsp; |

| +--F2 for list of Codes / F3 to Save / Escto Cancel---+

Window #4: Long Bones
The inentory field values are represented by the bonecodes listed (F2).
Note: Long bone data are entered beginning with the leftside of each bone. Note: earlier versionsof Standards form had L/R reversed.

Inventory for Complete Remain window #4:

+---------- RIBS/OS COXAE ----------+

|-+---------- VERTEBRAE -----------+

| | +-------- CRANIAL/SHOULDER/STERNUM --------+

| | | +-------- BONE FRAGMENTS/COMMENTS --------+

| | |-| +---------- HAND/FOOT -----------+

| | | | | +----------- LONG BONES -----------+

| | | | | | -----Diaphysis---- |

| Proximal Proximal Middle Distal Distal |

| Epiphysis Third Third Third Epiphysis |

|Humerus: 0 0 0 0 0 Left |

| 0 0 0 0 0& nbsp; Right |

|Radius: 0 0 0 0 0 Left |

| 0 0 0 0 0& nbsp; Right |

|Ulna: 0 0 0 0 0 Left&n bsp;|

| 0 0 0 0 0& nbsp; Right |

|Femur: 0 0 0 0 0 Left |

| 0 0 0 0 0& nbsp; Right |

|Tibia: 0 0 0 0 0 Left |

| 0 0 0 0 0& nbsp; Right |

|Fibula: 0 0 0 0 0 Left |

| 0 0 0 0 0& nbsp; Right |

+--F2 for list of Codes / F3 to Save / Esc to Cancel---+

Window#5: Hand/Foot
The inventory field values in Window 5 are representedby the bone codes listed (F2), with the exception of the carpals, metacarpals,tarsals (other than talus and calcaneus), metatarsals, and phalanges whichrequire counts.
This screen also includes fields for recording the presenceof the patellae. These data can be found on page one of the InventoryRecording Form (Standards, Chapter 2, Attachment 2). Standards includesfields for recording the presence of the hand/foot bones and the completenessof them. The database, however, does not include a field for recordingthe completeness of the hands and feet. We suggest entering the totalnumber present for each field, barring completeness .
Record the presence of sesamoid bones in the commentssection of screen 6 of the Inventory for Complete Remains.

Inventory for Complete Remain window #5:

+----------- LONG BONES -----------+

| +---------- RIBS/OS COXAE ----------+

| |-+---------- VERTEBRAE -----------+

| | | +-------- CRANIAL/SHOULDER/STERNUM --------+

| | | +-------- BONE FRAGMENTS/COMMENTS --------+

| | | |-| +---------- HAND/FOOT -----------+

| Left Right Unsided &nb sp; |

| Patella: 0 0 &nb sp; |

|Hand:----------------------------------------------------|

| # Carpals: 0 0 & nbsp; 0 |

| # Metacarpals: 0 0 0 |

| # Phalanges: & nbsp; 0 |

|Foot:----------------------------------------------------|

| Talus: 0 0 ; |

| Calcaneus: 0 0 & nbsp; |

| # Tarsals: 0 0 & nbsp; 0 |

| # Metatarsals: 0 0 0 |

| # Phalanges: & nbsp; 0 |

| &n bsp; |

F2 for list of Codes / F3 to Save / Esc to Cancel---+

Window #6 Bone Fragments/Comments
The bone fragment field on window 6 are for counts and/orweights. The comments area is a "memo" field and can contain unlimitedfree text. This field and similar fields on other data entry screens allowthe user to enter unlimited amount s of text by simply continuing to type.As you reach the end of the visable area, the field scrolls to a new line.To Exit a "memo" field, press the control and the tab keys simultaneously.
Note: Comments sections do not exist for the dental andpathology screens. Check records carefully and record all miscellaneousinformation in the comments section on screen 6 of the Skeletal Inventory.

Inventory for Complete Remain window #6:

+---------- HAND/FOOT -----------+

| +----------- LONG BONES -----------+

| | +---------- RIBS/OS COXAE ----------+

|-+---------- VERTEBRAE -----------+

| +-------- CRANIAL/SHOULDER/STERNUM --------+

| +-------- BONE FRAGMENTS/COMMENTS --------+

| Count Weight&n bsp; |

| Skull Fragments: 0 0.000 |

| Limb Long Bone Fragments: 0 0.000 |

| Vertebrae Fragments: 0 0.000 |

| Hand/Feet Fragments: 0 0.000 |

| Clavicle/Scapula Fragments: 0 0.000 |

| Os Coxae Fragments: 0 0.000 |

| Postcranial Misc. Fragments: 0 0.000 |

| Unidentifiable Fragments: 0 0.000 |

|Comments:-(Ctrl+Tab to exit)---------------|

| _ +---------+|

| _ |< Save &la quo;Cancel»||

| +-| &nb sp; _ +---------+|

| L+--F2for list of Codes / F3 to Save / Esc to Cancel---+

INVENTORY FOR COMMINGLED REMAINS
The commingled inventory table (inv_mult) may have asmany entries as needed to inventory the collection.
Bone Code: This field requires one of the bonecodes listed in the appendix for the bone being recorded. These codesare descriptive abbreviations of 8 characters or less. There is abone code for each bone listed on th e inventory for the complete remainsdata entry screen.
Menu #1
You may press F2 and [Enter] to display Pull DownMenu #1 on the Bone Code Look Up screen. This menu requires the user toselect a category of bones. Click on your selection or use the upand down arrows to cursor to the desir ed category.

+------ INVENTORY FOR COMMINGLED REMAINS ------+

| Key Number: 7 Catalog #:CAT7 |

| &n bsp; |

|Bone Code-Compl-MNI--Count--Weight--Age Code-SexCode-|

| 0 0 0 0.000 &nbs p; |

|-----------------------------|

| &n bsp; |

+F2 for list of Codes

+------------BONE CODE LOOK UP------------+

| Category Bone Name Side Segment |

|+-------++-------++----++---------+ |

||LONG LIMB BONE||

|+-------++-------++----++---------+ |

| &n bsp; |

+--------------------------------+

Menu #2
Press [Enter] twice to display Pull Down Menu #2. This menu requires the user to choose a specific bone.

+------ INVENTORY FOR COMMINGLED REMAINS ------+

| Key Number: 7 Catalog #:CAT7 |

| &n bsp; |

|Bone Code-Compl-MNI--Count--Weight--Age Code-SexCode-|

| 0 0 0 0.000 &nbs p; |

|-----------------------------|

| &n bsp; |

+------------BONE CODE LOOK UP------------+

| Category Bone Name Side Segment |

|+-------++-------++----++---------+ |

||LONG LIMB BONE||FEMUR |

|+-------++-------++----++---------+ |

| &n bsp; |

+--------------------------------+

Menu #3

Press [Enter] twice to display BoneCode PullDown Menu #3. This menu requires the user to identify the bone asright or left.

+------ INVENTORY FOR COMMINGLED REMAINS ------+

| Key Number: 7 Catalog #:CAT7 |

| &n bsp; |

|Bone Code-Compl-MNI--Count--Weight--Age Code-SexCode-|

| 0 0 0 0.000 &nbs p; |

|-----------------------------|

+------------BONE CODE LOOK UP------------+

| Category Bone Name Side Segment |

|+-------++-------++----++---------+ |

||LONG LIMB BONE||FEMUR ||LEFT |

|+-------++-------++----++---------+ |

| &n bsp; |

+--------------------------------+

Menu #4
Press [Enter] twice to display Pull Down Menu #4. Thismenu requires the user to select the segment of the bone in question.
NOTE: A separate entry must be made for each segmentof each bone.
The database fields for completeness, MNI (minimumnumber of individuals), age code, and sex code all require the numericalcodes listed (F2). The fields for count and weight are self explanatory.

+------ INVENTORY FOR COMMINGLED REMAINS ------+

| Key Number: 7 Catalog #:CAT7 |

| &n bsp; |

|Bone Code-Compl-MNI--Count--Weight--Age Code-SexCode-|

| 0 0 0 0.000 &nbs p; |

|-----------------------------|

| &n bsp; |

| « Save and Exit » & nbsp; |

| <Save and Add Another |

| < Cancel &nb sp; |

| &n bsp; |

+F2 for list of Codes / F3 to Save and Exit /Esc to Cancel+

+------------BONE CODE LOOK UP------------+

| Category Bone Name Side Segment |

|+-------++-------++----++---------+ |

||LONG LIMB BONE||FEMUR ||LEFT ||DISTAL EPIPHYSIS | |

|+-------++-------++----++---------+ |

| &n bsp; |

+--------------------------------+

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

As stated previously, data must be entered in the generalinformation table and in addition, a single entry in the inventory of completeremains or one or more entries in the inventory for commingled remains.After completing the data e ntry in one of the inventory tables, SOD displaysthe supplemental menu. This menu lists the remaining tables available forskeletal information and displays an option to open a submenu for dentalinformation. Like the inventory for complete remains table, m ost of thesupplemental skeletal information tables allow only one entry per key number.Once data has been entered and saved into one of the single entry tablesa "<" is displayed to the left of the table name on the supplementalmenu and you are prevente d from entering more data in that table for thatkey number. The tables containing taphonomic changes, burned bone, skeletalpathology and trepanation allow multiple entries. After you save one ormore records in these tables the supplemental menu marks the table namewith a "" character to the left of the table name to indicate data inthe table for the current key number, but you may still enter additionalinformation in these tables. A "" character to the right of a table nameon the supplemental menu indicat es that a submenu exists.

To access options on the supplemental menu clickyour left mouse buttom on the desired item or use your arrow keys to highlightthe item, then and press [Enter].

SUPPLEMENTAL MENU:

+-CURRENT KEY NUMBER: 7--+

| Commingled Inventory |

| Adult Age & Sex Info. |

| Adult Measurements |

| Immature Measurements |

| Immature Union & Closure |

| Non-Metric Traits |

| Taphonomic Changes |

| Burned Bone

| Skeletal Pathology |

| Cranial Deformation |

| Trepanation |

| Skeletal Samples |

| Dental Information |

| Exit Menu |

+-------------+

+--Dental Information--+

| --PERMANENT TEETH-- |

| Maxillary Inventory |

| Mandibular Inventory |

+-------------|

| Maxillary Measurements |

| Mandibular Measurements |

+-------------|

| Hypoplasia |

| Dental Morphology |

| Suppernumerary Teeth |

| Samples Curated/Cast |

| --DECIDUOUS TEETH-- |

|Maxillary Inventory |

| Mandibular Inventory |

|Hypoplasia |

+-------------+

ADULT AGE AND SEX
The age & sex screen consists of two windows.
Pull Down Codes (F2) (Standards, pp. 16-19, Attachment11).
Summary Age/Sex: Unlimited text field.

Adult Age & Sex Information window #1:

+-------- ADULT AGE RECORDING FORM --------+

| +-------- ADULT SEX RECORDING FORM --------+

| |Key Number: 7 Catalog #: CAT7 |

| |-----------SEX DETERMINATION----------|

| | PELVIS Left/Right SKULL |

| | Ventral Arc: 0 / 0 Nuchal Crest: 0 |

| | Subpubic Concavity: 0 / 0 Mastoid Process: 0 |

| | Ridge on I-P Ramus: 0 / 0 Supraorbital Margin: 0 |

| | Greater Sciatic Notch: 0 / 0 Glabella 0 |

| | Preauricular Sulcus: 0/ 0 Mental Eminence: 0 |

| | |

| | Pelvis Sex Summary: 0 Skull Sex Summary: 0 |

| | |

| | Summary Sex Code: 0 ; |

| +--F2 for list of Codes / F3 to Save / Escto Cancel---+

| Sup. Sphenofrontal: Summary age code: 0 |

|Summary Age/Sex: (Ctrl+Tab to exit) +------+|

| &n bsp;_ | « Save » ||

| &n bsp;_ | <cancel ||

| &n bsp;_ +------+|

+--F2 for list of Codes / F3 to Save / Esc toCancel---+

Note: The sex recording form in Standards contains fieldsfor recording development of right and left characteristics of the skull. In recording here, we suggest that observer lean toward midline of thetwo numbers; i.e., if right side a 1 and left side a 2, choose 2; if rightside a 3 and left side a 4, choose 3.

Adult Age & Sex Information window #2:

+-------- ADULT SEX RECORDING FORM --------+

|K+-------- ADULT AGE RECORDING FORM --------+

|-| PUBIC SYMPHYSIS AURICULAR SURFACE |

| | Todd(L/R): 0 0 (L/R): 0 0 |

| | Suchey-Brookes(L/R): 0 0 |

| | SUTURE CLOSURE &nbs p; |

| | EXTERNAL CRANIAL VAULT PALATE |

| | Midlamboid: Incisive: |

| | Lambda: Ant. Med. Palatine: |

| | Obelion: Post. Med. Palatine: |

| | Anterior Sagittal: Transverse Palatine: |

| | Bregma: INTERNAL CRANIAL VAULT |

| | Midcoronal: Sagittal: |

+-| Pterion: Lambdoid: |

+-| Sphenofrontal: Coronal: |

| Inf. Sphenofrontal: ; |

| Sup. Sphenofrontal: Summary age code: 0 |

|Summary Age/Sex: (Ctrl+Tabto exit) +------+|

| & nbsp; _ | « Save » ||

| & nbsp; _ | <cancel ||

| & nbsp; _ +------+|

+--F2 for list of Codes / F3 to Save /Esc to Cancel---+

ADULT MEASUREMENTS
The adult measurement data entry screen consistsof five windows with fields grouped by measuring device and bone category.(Standards, pp. 71-84, Attachment 21)
Notes: Be aware that this organization does not reflectthe exact order of the fields on the Standards data recording sheet. Pay careful attention to the specific measurement when encoding data.
The measurements screen does not include fields for indicatingif a measurement was taken from the right side of the body, or if the measurementwas taken from a reconstructed bone. If these circumstances shouldarise, we urge the u ser to record all measurements regardless of side andput a note in the comments section of the Inventory screen stating thatsome measurements may be from the right side and to check the hard copiesfor specifics.

Adult Measurements window #1:

+----------- LONG LIMB BONES -----------+

| +----------- LONG LIMB BONES -----------+

| +-------- SHOULDER / OS COXAE / FEET --------+

| +------------- CRANIUM -------------+

| +-- CRANIAL AND POSTCRANIAL MEASUREMENTS (ADULTREMAINS)--+

|Key Number: 7 Catalog#:CAT7 |

| &n bsp; |

|U|R| |U|--------------CRANIUM--------------|

| SPREADING CALIPER &nb sp; |

|Maximum Cranial Length: 0.0 Basion-ProsthionLength: 0.0 |

|Maximum Cranial Breadth: 0.0 Maxillo-AlveolarBreadth: 0.0 |

|Basion-Bregma Height: 0.0 Maxillo-Alveolar Length: 0.0 |

|Cranial Base Length: 0.0 &nb sp;|

|O+---------F3 to Save / Esc to Cancel---------+

|Biorbital Breadth: 0.0 Maximum Ramus Breadth: 0.0 |

|Interorbital Breadth: 0.0 Maximum Ramus Height: 0.0 |

|Frontal Chord: 0.0 Mandibular Length: 0.0 |

|Parietal Chord: 0.0 Mandibular Angle: 0 |

|Occipital Chord: 0.0 & nbsp; |

+---------F3 toSave / Esc to Cancel---------+

Adult Measurements window #2:

+-- CRANIAL AND POSTCRANIAL MEASUREMENTS (ADULTREMAINS)--+

|K+----------- LONG LIMB BONES -----------+

| | +----------- LONG LIMB BONES -----------+

+-------- SHOULDER / OS COXAE / FEET --------+

| +------------- CRANIUM -------------+

| SLIDING CALIPER ; |

|Bizygomatic Diameter: 0.0 Foramen Magnum Length: 0.0 |

|Biauricular Breadth: 0.0 Foramen Magnum Breadth: 0.0 |

|Upper Facial height: 0.0 Mastoid Length: 0.0 |

|Minimum Frontal Breadth: 0.0 ChinHeight: 0.0 |

|Upper Facial Breadth: 0.0 Mandibular Body Height: 0.0 |

|Nasal Height: 0.0 Mandibular Body Breadth: 0.0 |

|Nasal Breadth: 0.0 Bigonial Width: 0.0 |

|Orbital Breadth: 0.0 Bicondylar Breadth: 0.0 |

|Orbital Height: 0.0 Minimum Ramus Breadth: 0.0 |

|Biorbital Breadth: 0.0 Maximum Ramus Breadth: 0.0 |

|Interorbital Breadth: 0.0 Maximum Ramus Height: 0.0 |

|Frontal Chord: 0.0 Mandibular Length: 0.0 |

|Parietal Chord: 0.0 Mandibular Angle: 0 |

|Occipital Chord: 0.0 & nbsp; |

+----

Adult Measurements window #3:

+------------- CRANIUM -------------+

| +-- CRANIAL AND POSTCRANIAL MEASUREMENTS (ADULTREMAINS)--+

|K+----------- LONG LIMB BONES -----------+

| +----------- LONG LIMB BONES -----------+

| +-------- SHOULDER / OS COXAE / FEET --------+

| &n bsp; |

| SLIDING CALIPER &nbs p; |

|CLAVICLE SACRUM |

| Ant-Post Dia. Midshaft: 0.0 Anterior Length: 0.0 |

| Vertical Dia. Midshaft: 0.0 Superior Breadth: . |

|SCAPULA Max Trans. Dia. Base: . |

| Anatomical Height: 0.0 OSTEOMETRIC BOARD |

|OS COXAE CLAVICLE &nbs p; |

| Height: 0.0 Maximum Length: 0.0 |

| Pubis Length: 0.0 &nb sp; |

| Ischium Length: 0.0 SPREADING CALIPER |

|CALCANEUS SCAPULA &nbs p; |

| Maximum Length: 0.0 Anatomical Breadth: 0.0 |

| Middle Breadth: 0.0 OS COXAE |

| Iliac Breadth: 0.0 |

+---------F3to Save / Esc to Cancel---------+

Adult Measurements window #4:

+-------- SHOULDER / OS COXAE / FEET --------+

| +------------- CRANIUM -------------+

| | +-- CRANIAL AND POSTCRANIAL MEASUREMENTS(ADULT REMAINS)--+

|K+----------- LONG LIMB BONES -----------+

| +----------- LONG LIMB BONES -----------+

| SLIDING CALIPER ; |

|HUMERUS FEMUR &n bsp; |

| Vertical Dia. of head: 0.0 Max. Dia. of Head: 0.0|

| Max. Dia. Midshaft: 0.0 Sagittal Subtrochan. Dia: 0.0|

| Min. Dia. Midshaft: 0.0 Trans. Subtrochan. Dia: 0.0|

|RADIUS: Sagittal Midshaft Dia.: 0.0|

| Ant-Post Dia. Midshaft: 0.0 Trans.Midshaft Dia.: 0.0|

| Trans. Dia. Midshaft: 0.0 |

|ULNA: TIBIA &nbs p; |

| Ant-Post Dia. Midshaft: 0.0 Max.Dia. Nutr. Fora.: 0.0|

| Trans. Dia. Midshaft: 0.0 Trans. Dia. Nutr. Fora.: 0.0|

|FIBULA &n bsp; |

| Maximum Dia. Midshaft: 0.0 |

| +---------F3to Save / Esc to Cancel---------+

Adult Measurements window #5:

+----------- LONG LIMB BONES -----------+

| +-------- SHOULDER / OS COXAE / FEET --------+

+------------- CRANIUM -------------+

| | | +-- CRANIAL AND POSTCRANIAL MEASUREMENTS(ADULT REMAINS)--+

|K+----------- LONG LIMB BONES -----------+

| OSTEOMETRIC BOARD TIBIA &nb sp;|

|HUMERUS Length: 0.0 |

| Maximum Length: 0.0 Prox. Epiphyseal Breadth: 0.0 |

| Epicondylar Breadth: 0.0 Dist.Epiphyseal Breadth: 0.0 |

|RADIUS: SPREADING CALIPER |< /P

| Maximum Length: 0.0 ULNA |< /P

|ULNA: Physiological Length: 0.0 |

| Maximum Length: 0.0 TAPE MEASURE |

|FEMUR ULNA ; |

| Maximum Length: 0.0 Minimum Circumference: 0.0|

| Bicondylar length: 0.0 FEMUR |

| Epicondylar Breadth: 0.0 MidshaftCircumference: 0.0 |

|FIBULA TIBIA &nb sp; |

| Maximum Length: 0.0 Circum. Nutrient Foramen: 0.0 |

| « Save » <Cancel &nbs p; |

+---------F3to Save / Esc to Cancel---------+

IMMATURE REMAINS MEASUREMENTS
The immature measurement data entry screen consistsof five windows with data fields grouped by bone category (Standards, p.45-46, Attachment 13).
Note: The Standards data recording form contains fieldsfor recording the right and left measurements of the Lesser Wing of theSphenoid. SOD contains only one field for recording this measurement. In cases where you have both right and left measurements, the average shouldbe encoded into SOD.
Immature Remains Measurements window #1:

+---------- LONG LIMB BONES ----------+

| +---------- LONG LIMB BONES ----------+

| +--------- SHOULDER / OS COXAE ---------+

+------------ CRANIUM ------------+

| +------ IMMATURE REMAINS MEASUREMENTS -------+

|Key Number: 7 Catalog #: CAT7 |

|-------------CRANIUM-------------|

| &n bsp;Left Right |

|Lesser wing of sphenoid........ Length: 0.0 |

| Width: &n bsp; 0.0 |

|Greater wing of sphenoid....... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Width: 0.0 &nbs p; 0.0 |

|Body of sphenoid............... Length: 0.0 |

| Width: &n bsp; 0.0 |

|Petrous-mastoid of temporal.... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Width: 0.0 &nbs p; 0.0 |

| &n bsp; |

+--------F3to Save / Esc to Cancel--------+

Immature Remains Measurements window #2:

+------ IMMATURE REMAINS MEASUREMENTS -------+

|K+---------- LONG LIMB BONES ----------+

| +---------- LONG LIMB BONES ----------+

| +--------- SHOULDER / OS COXAE ---------+

| +------------ CRANIUM ------------+

| &n bsp;Left Right |

|Basilar occipital.............. Length: 0.0 |

| Width: &n bsp; 0.0 |

|Zygomatic...................... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Width: 0.0 &nbs p; 0.0 |

|Maxilla........................ Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Height: 0.0 &nb sp; 0.0 |

| Width: 0.0 &nbs p; 0.0 |

| Oblique Length: 0.0 0.0 |

|Mandible....................... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Width: 0.0 &nbs p; 0.0 |

| Full Length: 0.0 0.0 |

+--------F3to Save / Esc to Cancel--------+

Immature Remains Measurements window #3:

+------------ CRANIUM ------------+

| +------ IMMATURE REMAINS MEASUREMENTS -------+

+---------- LONG LIMB BONES ----------+

| |-| +---------- LONG LIMB BONES ----------+

| +--------- SHOULDER / OS COXAE ---------+

| &n bsp;Left Right |

|Clavicle........................ Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Diameter: 0.0 & nbsp; 0.0 |

|Scapula......................... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Width: 0.0 &nbs p; 0.0 |

| Length of spine: 0.0 0.0 |

| &n bsp; |

|Ilium........................... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Width: 0.0 &nbs p; 0.0 |

|Ischium......................... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Width: 0.0 &nbs p; 0.0 |

|Pubis........................... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

+--------F3to Save / Esc to cancel--------+

Immature Remains Measurements window #4:

+--------- SHOULDER / OS COXAE ---------+

| +------------ CRANIUM ------------+

| +------ IMMATURE REMAINS MEASUREMENTS -------+

|K+---------- LONG LIMB BONES ----------+

|-| +---------- LONG LIMB BONES ----------+

| &n bsp; Left Right |

|Humerus......................... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Width: 0.0 &nbs p; 0.0 |

| Diameter: 0.0 & nbsp; 0.0 |

|Ulna............................ Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Diameter: 0.0 & nbsp; 0.0 |

|Radius.......................... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Diameter: 0.0 & nbsp; 0.0 |

|Femur......................... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Width: 0.0 &nbs p; 0.0 |

| Diameter: 0.0 & nbsp; 0.0 |

| &n bsp; |

+--------F3to Save / Esc to cancel--------+

Immature Remains Measurements window #5:

+---------- LONG LIMB BONES ----------+

| +--------- SHOULDER / OS COXAE ---------+

| +------------ CRANIUM ------------+

| +------ IMMATURE REMAINS MEASUREMENTS -------+

|K+---------- LONG LIMB BONES ----------+

| &n bsp;Left Right |

|Tibia......................... Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Diameter: 0.0 & nbsp; 0.0 |

|Fibula........................ Length: 0.0 0.0 |

| Diameter: 0.0 & nbsp; 0.0 |

| &n bsp; |

|-----------------------------|

| &n bsp; |

| « Save » <Cancel ; |

| &n bsp; |

+-| +--------F3 to Save /Esc to Cancel--------+

IMMATURE REMAINS UNION AND CLOSURE
The immature remains bone union and epiphysealclosure data entry screen consists of four windows. All data fields requirethe codes (F2) (Standards, pp. 40-44, Attachment 12).
NOTE: Although the data recording screen followsthe same order as the Standards data recording form, the numerical codingis inconsistent between the two. For example, Standards uses thefollowing codes: Blank= Unobservable; 0= open; 1= partial union;2= complete union.
The F2 codes for the data recording screen are as follows:
Blank= Unobservable; 1= open; 2= partial union; 3= completeunion.
**Please note this inconsistency and make adjustmentsto the codes accordingly.
Also, whereas Standards contains fields for occipitalclosure, SOD does not. The field for closure of the basilar synchondrosisin SOD refers to, and is the same as, the field for the spheno-occipitalsynchondrosis in Standar ds.
Immature Remains Bone Union and Epiphyseal Closurewindow #1:

+--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window4) ---+

|B+--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window3) ---+

| | +--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window2) ---+

|-| | +--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE(window 1) ---+

| | | | Immature Remains &nbs p; |

| |-| |Key Number: 7 Catalog #:CAT7 |

| | |-|-----------------------------|

| | | | BONE EPIPHYSIS STAGE OF UNION |

|S| | |-----------------------------|

| | | | Cervical Vertebrae & nbsp; |

| | | | Superior 0 &nbs p; |

| | | | Inferior 0 &nbs p; |

| | | | Thoracic Vertebrae & nbsp; |

| | | | Superior 0 &nbs p; |

| | | | Inferior 0 &nbs p; ||-| | |

Lumbar Vertebrae ; |

| +-| | Superior 0 &nbs p; |

+--+-| Inferior 0 ; |

+--F2 for listof Codes / F3 to Save / Esc to Cancel---+

Immature Remains Bone Union and Epiphyseal Closure window#2:

+--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window1) ---+

| +--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window4) ---+

| |B+--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window3) ---+

|-| | +--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE(window 2) ---+

| |-| | BONE | BONE &nb sp; |

|-| | | EPIPHYSIS STAGE OFUNION| EPIPHYSIS STAGE OF UNION |

| | |-| L R | &nb sp; L R |

| | | |--------------|---------------|

| | | | Scapula | Humerus &nb sp; |

| | | | Coracoid 0 0 | Head 0 0 |

| | | | Acromion 0 0 | Distal 0 0 |

| | | | Inferior angle 0 0 | Medial Epicondyle 0 0 |

| | | | Medial border 0 0 | Radius |

| | | | Clavicle | Proximal 0 0 |

| | | | Sternal 0 0 | Distal 0 0 |

+-| | | | Ulna &n bsp; |

|-| | | Proximal ; 0 0 |

| +-| | Distal & nbsp; 0 0 |

+--+--F2 for list of Codes / F3 to Save/ Esc to Cancel---+

Immature Remains Bone Union and Epiphyseal Closurewindow #3:

+--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window2) ---+

| +--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window1) ---+

| | +--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window4) ---+

| | |B+--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE(window 3) ---+

|-|-| | BONE | BONE &nb sp; |

| | |-| EPIPHYSIS STAGE OFUNION| EPIPHYSIS STAGE OF UNION |

| |-| | L R | &nb sp; L R |

| | | |--------------|---------------|

| | | | Os Coxae | Tibia &nbs p; |

| | | | Iliac Crest 0 0 | Proximal 0 0 |

| | | | Ischial Tuberosity 0 0 | Distal 0 0 |

| | | | Femur | Fibula |

| | | | Head 0 0 | Proximal 0 0 |

| | | | Greater Trochanter 0 0 | Distal 0 0 |

| | | | Lesser Trochanter 0 0 | |

+-| | | Distal 0 0 &nbs p; |

+-| | &nb sp; |

|-| ; |

| +--F2 for list of Codes/ F3 to Save / Esc to Cancel---+

Immature Remains Bone Union and Epiphyseal Closurewindow #4:

+--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window3) ---+

| +--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window2) ---+

| | +--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE (window1) ---+

| | | +--- BONE UNION AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE(window 4) ---+

|-| | |BONE | BONE &nbs p; |

| |-|-| AREA OF UNION EXTENT | AREA OF UNION EXTENT|

| | | |------------|-----------------|

| | | |Os Coxae | Cervical Vertebrae |

| | | | Ilium-Pubis 0 | Neural Arches to each other 0 |

| | | | Ischium-Pubis 0 | Neural Arches to Centrum 0 |

| | | | Ischium-Ilium 0 | Thoracic Vertebrae |

| | | |Sacral Segments | Neural Arches to each other 0 |

| | | | 1-2 0 | Neural Arches to Centrum 0 |

| | | | 2-3 0 | Lumbar Vertebrae |

| | | | 3-4 0