APPENDICES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. LANDCOVER CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING

3. PREDICTED ANIMAL DISTRIBUTIONS AND SPECIES RICHNESS

4. LAND STEWARDSHIP

5. ANALYSIS BASED ON STEWARDSHIP AND MANAGEMENT STATUS

6. CONCLUSIONS AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS

7. DATA USE AND AVAILABILITY

8. LITERATURE CITED

9. GLOSSARY

10. GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS

11. APPENDICES AND MAPS

11.1. List of Project Standards

11.2. List of Example GAP Applications

11.3. Semi-Dichotomous Landcover Classification Key

11.4. AR-GAP Classification Hierarchy

11.5. Error Matrix - Level 1

11.6. Error Matrix - Level 2

11.7. Error Matrix - Level 3

11.8. Error Matrix - Level 4

11.9. Error Matrix - Level 5

11.10. Species included in AR-GAP

11.11. AR-GAP Avian Review committee and Panel

11.12. Breeding Bird Survey Accuracy

11.13. AR-GAP species state-wide distribution

11.14. Species/Ownership status

11.15. Species/Management status

11.16. Percentage habitat in status 1 &2

11.17. Species under GAP standard area requirement

11.18. Full AR-GAP landcover classification tree in common names.

11.1. List of Project Standards (5/1/92)

I. Project Title: Geographic information systems analysis of biodiversity in the State of Arkansas.

II. Statement of Work:

• Rationale: To conduct a biodiversity assessment (or gap analysis) for the State of Arkansas using geographic information systems (GIS) technology.

• Objectives: 1) Produce up-to-date maps of vegetation distribution and species habitat through classification of satellite imagery and tabulation and reclassification of species occurrence and range data, 2) acquire and reclassifying (where appropriate) map layers from the University of Arkansas' GIS database, 3) conduct a GIS analysis to predict the current distribution of potential habitat for species and patterns of potential species richness selected groups of species. This statement of Work describes a 2.5 year study.

Location: Arkansas

III. Reports and Deliverables:

Progress Reports

Imagery Index

GIS Database

Representative Hardcopy Maps

Final Report

2 Publishable Manuscripts

11.2. List of Example GAP Applications

11.2.1. Businesses and Non-government Organizations

The following are some examples of applications of GAP data by the private sector:

11.2.2. County and City Planning

Some other examples of the use of GAP by local governments are:

11.2.3. State Uses

The following are some examples of uses of GAP data by state agencies.

11.2.4. Statewide Planning

Biodiversity planning programs or projects are now under way in Arizona, California, Colorado, Maine, Missouri, Nevada, Oregon, and Tennessee. It is likely that similar efforts will develop in other states. These activities were the subject of the State Biodiversity Programs meeting discussed on page ? in this report. In some cases, these efforts grew out of the state Gap Analysis project, however in most cases, the GAP data are being used to meet a previously defined need. In all cases, GAP data are central to their development and operations. The goals of each of these programs or projects are presented briefly below.

11.2.5. Federal Agency Applications

Some examples of applications of GAP data by federal agencies follow:

11.3. Semi-Dichotomous Landcover Classification Key

CODE DEFINITION GAP CLASS GO TO

1(a) Primarily water (bottomlands) 2

1(b) Primarily land TERRESTRIAL 4

1(c) Primarily altered by humans MAN-MADE 35

2(a) Long term to permanent flooding. 3

2(b) Seasonal flooding (short to long duration). PALUSTRINE 23

3(a) Streamside areas and channels. RIVERINE 32

3(b) Wetlands and deep water habitat. 30% tree coverage

lacking trees and shrubs. Total area usually > 20 acres. LACUSTRINE 34

4(a) Areas dominated by trees with a total canopy cover

of 61% or more, tree crowns usually interlocking. FOREST 5

4(b) Areas dominated by trees with a total canopy cover of 2660%,

most tree crowns not touching each other. An herbaceous

or shrub understory, or both are usually present. WOODLAND 15

4(c) Areas dominated by shrubs that generally exceed 0.5

meters in height when mature with a total canopy cover

of 26% or more. A tree canopy cover of 26% or less

may be present. SHRUBLAND 17

4(d) Areas dominated by grass, grasslike, or forb vegetation

with a tree or shrub component not exceeding 26% cover. GRASSLAND 18

4(e) Areas where vegetation cover is less than 5%. BARE 22

5(a) Mainly evergreen forest (> than 75% evergreen trees) 6

5(b) Mainly deciduous or mixed (25% 75% evergreen trees) 8

6(a) Dominated by eastern redcedar T.1.a.9.c.I

6(b) Dominated by pines 7

7(a) Shortleaf pine dominant T.1.A.9.b.I

7(b) Loblolly pine dominant T.1.A.9.b.II

7(c) Mixed shortleaf pine loblolly pine (sometimes hickory) T.1.A.9.b.III

8(a) Evergreens present 9

8(b) No evergreens present 12

9(a) American beech present in large quantities (evergreen

beechamerican holly forest) T.1.B.2.a.I

9(b) Not dominated by american beech 10

10(a) Dominated by eastern redcedar T.1.B.2.b.IV

10(b) Loblolly pine dominated (usually a lowland loblloly

pine shortleaf pine oak forest). T.1.B.2.b.III

10(c) Not dominated by eastern redcedar or loblolly pine 11

11(a) Upland area usually dry (post oak, blackjack oak and/or

hickory usually present). T.1.B.2.b.I

11(b) Lowland area, usually dry to mesic, sometimes poor

drainage (white oak, northern red oak, black oak and/or

mockernut hickory usually present). T.1.B.2.b.II

12(a) Mountainous area (forest in high elevations in Ouachitas

should have stunted white oaks present). T.1.B.3.b.I

12(b) Nonmountainous area 13

13(a) American beech dominant (primarily wet areas) T.1.B.3.a.I

13(b) Sweetgum dominant (primarily wet but drier than above) T.1.B.3.a.VI

13(c) Oaks dominate 14

14(a) White oak dominate mixed with other hardwoods

(typically wet moist areas) T.1.B.3.a.II

14(b) Northern red oak dominate mixed with other hardwoods

(typically a drier) T.1.B.3.a.III

14(c) Southern red oak dominate mixed with other hardwoods T.1.B.3.a.IV

14(d) Post oak dominated mixed with other hardwoods

(typically fairly dry) T.1.B.3.a.V

15(a) Eastern redcedar (>75% of trees evergreen) oak woodland T.2.A.2.b.I

15(b) Oak black hickory woodland (<25% of trees evergreen) T.2.B.4.a.I

15(c) Mainly deciduous or mixed (25% 75% of trees evergreen)

woodland. 16

16(a) Shortleaf pine oak woodland T.2.B.3.a.I

16(b) White cedar oak woodland T.2.B.3.a.II

17(a) Mainly cedar (some oaks) shrubland (shrubs > 0.5 meters

in height when mature with a total canopy cover of 26% or more). T.4.A.2.a.I

17(b) White oak post oak shrubland T.4.B.3.a.I

17(c) Mixed shrub species T.4.B.3.a.II

18(a) Grassland without trees 19

18(b) Grassland with trees present 20

19(a) Tall (> 1 meter), wet prairie, mainly sod grasses T.5.A.1.a.I

19(b) Medium (> .5 & < 1 meter), dry prairie, mainly sod grasses T.5.B.1.a.I

20(a) Short (< .5 meter) prairie with tree layer (usually post oaks) T.5.C.3.b.I

20(b) Tall (> 1 meter) prairie with tree layer 21

21(a) Tall grasslands with evergreens (pine savanna) T.5.C.1.a.I

21(b) Tall grasslands with oaks (oak savanna) T.5.C.1.b.I

21(c) Dry shrubby grasslands (in coastal plain) T.5.C.1.b.II

22(a) Sparsely vegetated (dry) T.6.A.I.b.I

22(b) Ferns moss (wet to moist) T.6.A.1.b.II

23(a) Areas dominated by trees with a total canopy cover

of 61% or more, tree crowns usually interlocking. FOREST 24

23(b) Areas dominated by shrubs that generally exceed 0.5

meters in height when mature with a total canopy cover

of 26% or more. A tree canopy cover of 26% or less

may be present. SHRUBLAND 28

23(c) Areas dominated by grass, grasslike, or forb vegetation

with a tree or shrub component not exceeding 26% cover. GRASSLAND 29

24(a) Area subject to intermittent flooding 25

24(b) Area subject to long term flooding 26

25(a) Dominated by overcup oak P.1.B.3.c.I

25(b) Dominated by water hickory P.1.B.3.c.II

25(c) Dominated by cherrybark oak P.1.B.3.c.III

25(d) Dominated by sugarberry P.1.B.3.c.IV

25(e) Dominated by nuttall oak P.1.B.3.c.V

25(f) Dominated by pin oak P.1.B.3.c.VI

25(g) Dominated by willow oak P.1.B.3.c.VII

26(a) Water tupelo mixed hardwood P.1.B.3.d.II

26(b) Baldcypress dominate 27

27(a) Baldcypress dominate P.1.B.3.d.I.1.a

27(b) Baldcypress mixed hardwoods P.1.B.3.d.I

28(a) Silky dogwood shrubland (shrubs > 0.5 meters

in height when mature with a total canopy cover of

26% or more). P.4.B.3.c.I

28(b) Mixed bottomland shrubland P.4.B.3.c.II

29(a) Tall (> 1 meter) grassland 30

29(b) Medium (> .5 & < 1 meter) grassland 31

30(a) Tall grassland, mainly bunch grasses (moist wet prairies) P.5.A.4.a.I

30(b) Tall grassland, wet prairies (occasionally flooded) P.5.A.4.b.I

30(c) Tall grassland, marsh (open areas subject to longterm

inundation) P.5.A.4.b.II

30(d) Disturbed wet prairies (by fire or cutting) P.5.A.4.b.III

31(a) Fen (high pH) P.5.B.2.c.I

31(b) Sedge rush P.5.B.2.c.II

32(a) Areas dominated by trees with a total canopy cover

of 61% or more, tree crowns usually interlocking. FOREST 33

32(b) Willow shrubland (shrubs > 0.5 meters in height when

mature with a total canopy cover of 26% or more). R.4.B.3.c.I

32(c) Areas dominated by grass, grasslike, or forb vegetation

with a tree or shrub component not exceeding 26% cover. R.5.A.1.c.I

32(d) Areas where vegetation cover is less than 5%. R.6.A.1.a.I

33(a) Willow cottonwood dominated forest R.1.B.3.c.I

33(b) Birch american sycamore dominated forest R.1.B.3.c.II

34(a) Baldcypress water tupelo forest ( total canopy cover

of 61% or more, tree crowns usually interlocking). L.1.B.3.d.I

34(b) Buttonbush shrubland (shrubs > 0.5 meters in height when

mature with a total canopy cover of 26% or more). L.4.B.3.c

34(c) Marshy lakeshores L.5.D.2.a

34(d) Mud flats L.6.A.1.a.I

35(a) Agriculture (wet crops such as rice & fish farms)

35(b) Agriculture (dry crops)

35(c) Agriculture (pasture and crop layouts)

35(d) Forest Regeneration

35(e) Urban

35(f) Transportation (roads etc.)

11.4. AR-GAP Classification Hierarchy

11.5. Error Matrix - Level 1 100 Ha AR-GAP vs. TMI, AFC, 5% CISC

11.6. Error Matrix - Level 2 100 Ha AR-GAP vs. TMI, AFC, 5% CISC

11.7. Error Matrix - Level 3 100 Ha AR-GAP vs. TMI, AFC, 5% CISC

11.8. Error Matrix - Level 4 100 Ha AR-GAP vs. TMI, AFC, 5% CISC

11.9. Error Matrix - Level 5 100 Ha AR-GAP vs. TMI, AFC, 5% CISC

11.9. Continued.

11.10. Species included in AR-GAP.

Gap Num Common Name Scientific Name Type

1 Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus_podiceps 2

2 Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax_auritus 2

3 Anhinga Anhinga_anhinga 2

4 Least Bittern Ixobrychus_exilis 2

5 Great Blue Heron Ardea_herodias 2

6 Great Egret Casmerodius_albus 2

7 Snowy Egret Egretta_thula 2

8 Little Blue Heron Egretta_caerulea 2

9 Tricolored Heron Egretta_tricolor 2

10 Cattle Egret Bubulcus_ibis 2

11 Green-backed Heron Butorides_striatus 2

12 Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax_nycticorax 2

13 Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa_violacea 2

14 White Ibis Eudocimus_albus 2

15 Canada Goose Branta_canadensis 2

16 Wood Duck Aix_sponsa 2

17 Mallard Anas_platyrhynchos 2

18 Blue-winged Teal Anas_discors 2

19 Hooded Merganser Lophodytes_cucullatus 2

20 Black Vulture Coragyps_atratus 2

21 Turkey Vulture Cathartes_aura 2

22 Osprey Pandion_haliaetus 3

23 Mississippi Kite Ictinia_mississippiensis 3

24 Bald Eagle Haliaeetus_leucocephalus 3

25 Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter_striatus 2

26 Cooper's Hawk Accipiter_cooperii 2

27 Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo_lineatus 2

28 Broad-winged Hawk Buteo_playtpterus 2

29 Swainson's Hawk Buteo_swainsoni 2

30 Red-tailed Hawk Buteo_jamaicensis 2

31 American Kestrel Falco_sparverius 2

32 Ruffed Grouse Bonasa_umbellus 2

33 Wild Turkey Meleagris_gallopavo 2

34 Northern Bobwhite Colinus_virginianus 2

35 Purple Gallinule Porphyrula_martinica 2

36 Common Moorhen Gallinula_chloropus 2

37 American Coot Fulica_americana 2

38 Killdeer Charadrius_vociferus 2

39 Black-necked Stilt Himantopus_mexicanus 2

40 American Woodcock Scolopax_minor 2

41 Least Tern Sterna_antillarum 2

42 Rock Dove Columba_livia 2

43 Mourning Dove Zenaida_macroura 2

44 Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus_americanus 2

45 Greater Roadrunner Geococcyx_californianus 2

46 Common Barn-Owl Tyto_alba 2

47 Eastern Screech-Owl Otus_asio 2

48 Great Horned Owl Bubo_virginianus 2

49 Barred Owl Strix_varia 2

50 Common Nighthawk Chordeiles_minor 2

51 Chuck-will's-widow Caprimulgus_carolinensis 2

52 Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus_vociferus 2

53 Chimney Swift Chaetura_pelagica 2

54 Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus_colubris 2

55 Belted Kingfisher Ceryle_alcyon 2

56 Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes_erythrocephalus 2

57 Red-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes_carolinus 2

58 Downy Woodpecker Picoides_pubescens 2

59 Hairy Woodpecker Picoides_villosus 2

60 Red-cockaded Woodpecker Picoides_borealis 2

61 Northern Flicker Colaptes_auratus 2

62 Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus_pileatus 2

63 Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus_virens 2

64 Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax_virescens 2

65 Willow Flycatcher Empidonx_traillii 2

66 Eastern Phoebe Sayornis_phoebe 2

67 Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus_crinitus 2

68 Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus_tyrannus 2

69 Scissor-Tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus_forficatus 2

70 Horned Lark Eremophila_alpestris 2

71 Purple Martin Progne_subis 2

72 Tree Swallow Tachycineta_bicolor 2

73 Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx_serripennis 2

74 Cliff Swallow Hirundo_pyrrhonota 2

75 Barn Swallow Hirundo_rustica 2

76 Blue Jay Cyanocitta_cristata 2

77 American Crow Corvus_brachyrhynchos 2

78 Fish Crow Corvus_ossifragus 2

79 Carolina Chickadee Parus_carolinensis 2

80 Tufted Titmouse Parus_bicolor 2

81 White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta_carolinensis 2

82 Brown-headed Nuthatch Sitta_pusilla 2

83 Carolina Wren Thryothorus_ludovicianus 2

84 Bewick's Wren Thryomanes_bewickii 2

85 House Wren Troglodytes_aedon 2

86 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila_caerulea 2

87 Eastern Bluebird Sialia_sialis 2

88 Wood Thrush Hylocichla_mustelina 2

89 American Robin Turdus_migratorius 2

90 Gray Catbird Dumetella_carolinensis 2

91 Northern Mockingbird Mimus_polyglottos 2

92 Brown Thrasher Toxostoma_rufum 2

93 Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla_cedrorum 2

94 Loggerhead Shrike Lanius_ludovicianus 2

95 European Starling Sturnus_vulgaris 2

96 White-eyed Vireo Vireo_griseus 2

97 Bell's Vireo Vireo_bellii 2

98 Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo_flavifrons 2

99 Warbling Vireo Vireo_gilvus 2

100 Red-eyed Vireo Vireo_olivaceus 2

101 Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora_pinus 2

102 Northern Parula Parula_americana 2

103 Yellow Warbler Dendroica_petechia 2

104 Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica_pensylvanica 2

105 Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica_virens 2

106 Yellow-throated Warbler Dendroica_dominica 2

107 Pine Warbler Dendroica_pinus 2

108 Prairie Warbler Dendroica_discolor 2

109 Cerulean Warbler Dendroica_cerulea 2

110 Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta_varia 2

111 American Redstart Setophaga_ruticilla 2

112 Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria_citrea 2

113 Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros_vermivorus 2

114 Swainson's Warbler Limnothlypis_swainsonii 2

115 Ovenbird Seiurus_aurocapillus 2

116 Louisiana Waterthrush Seiurus_motacilla 2

117 Kentucky Warbler Oporornis_formosus 2

118 Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis_trichas 2

119 Hooded Warbler Wilsonia_citrina 2

120 Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria_virens 2

121 Summer Tanager Piranga_rubra 2

122 Scarlet Tanager Piranga_olivacea 2

123 Northern Cardinal Cardinalis_cardinalis 2

124 Blue Grosbeak Guiraca_caerulea 2

125 Indigo Bunting Passerina_cyanea 2

126 Painted Bunting Passerina_ciris 2

127 Dickcissel Spiza_americana 2

128 Rufus-sided Towhee Pipilo_erythrophthalmus 2

129 Bachman's Sparrow Aimophila_aestivalis 2

130 Rufous-crowned Sparrow Aimophila_ruficeps 2

131 Chipping Sparrow Spizella_passerina 2

132 Field Sparrow Spizella_pusilla 2

133 Lark Sparrow Chondestes_grammacus 2

134 Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus_savannarum 2

135 Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius_phoeniceus 2

136 Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella_magna 2

137 Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus_mexicanus 2

138 Common Grackle Quiscalus_quiscula 2

139 Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus_ater 2

140 Orchard Oriole Icterus_spurius 2

141 Northern Oriole Icterus_galbula 2

142 House Finch Carpodacus_mexicanus 2

143 American Goldfinch Carduelis_tristis 2

144 House Sparrow Passer_domesticus 2

145 Hellbender Cryptobranchus_alleganiensis 1

146 Lesser siren Siren_intermedia 1

147 Eastern newt Notophthalmus_viridescens 1

148 Mudpuppy Necturus_maculosus 1

149 Three-toed amphiuma Amphiuma_tridactylum 1

150 Ringed salamander Ambystoma_annulatum 1

151 Spotted salamander Ambystoma_maculatum 1

152 Marbled salamander Ambystoma_opacum 1

153 Mole salamander Ambystoma_talpoideum 1

154 Small-mouthed salamander Ambystoma_texanum 1

155 Tiger salamander Ambystoma_tigrinum 1

156 Ouachita dusky salamander Desmognathus_brimleyorum 1

157 Dusky salamander Desmognathus_fuscus 1

158 Long-tailed salamander Eurycea_longicauda 1

159 Cave salamander Eurycea_lucifuga 1

160 Many-ribbed salamander Eurycea_multiplicata 1

161 Dwarf salamander Eurycea_quadridigitata 1

162 Oklahoma salamander Eurycea_tynerensis 1

163 Four-toed salamander Hemidactylium_scutatum 1

164 Caddo Mountain salamander Plethodon_caddoensis 1

165 Zigzag salamander Plethodon_dorsalis 1

166 Fourch Mountain salamander Plethodon_fourchensis 1

167 Slimy salamander Plethodon_glutinosus 1

168 Rich Mountain salamander Plethodon_ouachitae 1

169 Southern red-backed salamander Plethodon_serratus 1

170 Grotto salamander Typhlotriton_spelaeus 1

171 Plains spadefoot Scaphiopus_bombifrons 1

172 Eastern spadefoot Scaphiopus_holbrooki 1

173 American toad Bufo_americanus 1

174 Gulf Coast toad Bufo_valliceps 1

175 Woodhouse's toad Bufo_woodhousii 1

176 Northern cricket frog Acris_crepitans 1

177 Bird-voiced treefrog Hyla_avivoca 1

178 Green treefrog Hyla_cinerea 1

179 Spring peeper Hyla_crucifer 1

180 Gray treefrog Hyla_versicolor 1

181 Strecker's chorus frog Pseudacris_streckeri 1

182 Striped chorus frog Pseudacris_triseriata 1

183 Eastern narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne_carolinensis 1

184 Western narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne_olivacea 1

185 Crawfish frog Rana_areolata 1

186 Bullfrog Rana_catesbeiana 1

187 Green frog Rana_clamitans 1

188 Pickerel frog Rana_palustris 1

189 Northern leopard frog Rana_pipiens 1

190 Wood frog Rana_sylvatica 1

191 Common mud turtle Kinosternon_subrubrum 1

192 Razor-backed musk turtle Sternotherus_carinatus 1

193 Common musk turtle Sternotherus_odoratus 1

194 Snapping turtle Chelydra_serpentina 1

195 Alligator snapping turtle Macroclemys_temmincki 1

196 Painted turtle Chrysemys_picta 1

197 Chicken turtle Deirochelys_reticularia 1

198 Common map turtle Graptemys_geographica 1

199 Mississippi map turtle Graptemys_kohni 1

200 Ouachita map turtle Graptemys_ouachitensis 1

201 River cooter Pseudemys_concinna 1

202 Common slider Trachemys_scripta 1

203 Common box turtle Terrapene_carolina 1

204 Ornate box turtle Terrapene_ornata 1

205 Smooth softshell turtle Trionyx_muticus 1

206 Spiny softshell turtle Trionyx_spiniferus 1

207 Green anole Anolis_carolinensis 1

208 Collared lizard Crotaphytus_collaris 1

209 Texas horned lizard Phrynosoma_cornutum 1

210 Eastern fence lizard Sceloporus_undulatus 1

211 Six-lined racerunner Cnemidophorus_sexlineatus 1

212 Coal skink Eumeces_anthracinus 1

213 Five-lined skink Eumeces_fasciatus 1

214 Broad-headed skink Eumeces_laticeps 1

215 Great Plains skink Eumeces_obsoletus 1

216 Prairie skink Eumeces_septentrionalis 1

217 Ground skink Scincella_lateralis 1

218 Slender glass lizard Ophisaurus_attenuatus 1

219 Worm snake Carphophis_amoenus 1

220 Scarlet snake Cemophora_coccinea 1

221 Racer Coluber_constrictor 1

222 Ring-necked snake Diadophis_punctatus 1

223 Corn snake Elaphe_guttata 1

224 Rat snake Elaphe_obsoleta 1

225 Mud snake Farancia_abacura 1

226 Eastern hog-nosed snake Heterodon_platirhinos 1

227 Prairie kingsnake Lampropeltis_calligaster 1

228 Common kingsnake Lampropeltis_getulus 1

229 Milk snake Lampropeltis_triangulum 1

230 Coachwhip Masticophis_flagellum 1

231 Green water snake Nerodia_cyclopion 1

232 Plain-bellied water snake Nerodia_erythrogaster 1

233 Southern water snake Nerodia_fasciata 1

234 Diamondback water snake Nerodia_rhombifer 1

235 Northern water snake Nerodia_sipedon 1

236 Rough green snake Opheodrys_aestivus 1

237 Graham's crayfish snake Regina_grahamii 1

238 Glossy crayfish snake Regina_rigida 1

239 Queen snake Regina_septemvittata 1

240 Ground snake Sonora_semiannulata 1

241 DeKay's brown snake Storeria_dekayi 1

242 Red-bellied snake Storeria_occipitomaculata 1

243 Flat-headed snake Tantilla_gracilis 1

244 Western ribbon snake Thamnophis_proximus 1

245 Common garter snake Thamnophis_sirtalis 1

246 Rough earth snake Virginia_striatula 1

247 Smooth earth snake Virginia_valeriae 1

248 North American coral snake Micrurus_fulvius 1

249 Copperhead Agkistrodon_contortrix 1

250 Cottonmouth Agkistrodon_piscivorus 1

251 Western diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus_atrox 1

252 Timber rattlesnake Crotalus_horridus 1

253 Pigmy rattlesnake Sistrurus_miliarius 1

254 American alligator Alligator_mississippiensis 1

255 Virginia Opossum Didelphis_virginiana 2

256 Eastern Mole Scalopus_aquaticus 1

257 Southeastern Shrew Sorex_longirostris 1

258 Desert Shrew Notiosorex_crawfordi 1

259 Least Shrew Cryptotis_parva 1

260 Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew Blarina_hylophaga 1

261 Southern Short-tailed Shrew Blarina_carolinensis 1

262 Brazilian Free-tailed Bat Tadarida_brasiliensis 1

263 Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat Plecotus_rafinesquii 1

264 Townsend's Big-eared Bat Plecotus_townsendii 1

265 Hoary Bat Lasiurus_cinereus 1

266 Red Bat Lasiurus_borealis 1

267 Seminole Bat Lasiurus_seminolus 1

268 Silver-haired Bat Lasionycteris_noctivagans 1

269 Big Brown Bat Eptesicus_fuscus 1

270 Gray Bat Myotis_grisescens 1

271 Eastern Pipistrelle Pipistrellus_subflavus 1

272 Evening Bat Nycticeius_humeralis 1

273 Keen's Myotis Myotis_keenii 1

274 Indiana Bat Myotis_sodalis 1

275 Small-footed Myotis Myotis_leibii 1

276 Little Brown Bat Myotis_lucifugus 1

277 Southeastern Myotis Myotis_austroriparius 1

278 Nine-banded Armadillo Dasypus_novemcinctus 2

279 Eastern Cottontail Sylvilagus_floridanus 2

280 Swamp Rabbit Sylvilagus_aquaticus 2

281 Black-tailed Jack Rabbit Lepus_californicus 2

282 Eastern Chipmunk Tamias_striatus 1

283 Woodchuck Marmota_monax 2

284 Gray Squirrel Sciurus_carolinensis 1

285 Fox Squirrel Sciurus_niger 1

286 Southern Flying Squirrel Glaucomys_volans 2

287 Plains Pocket Gopher Geomys_bursarius 1

288 Beaver Castor_canadensis 2

289 Marsh Rice Rat Oryzomys_palustris 1

290 Plains Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys_montanus 1

291 Fulvous Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys_fulvescens 1

292 Eastern Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys_humulis 1

293 Western Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys_megalotis 1

294 Deer Mouse Peromyscus_maniculatus 1

295 White-footed Mouse Peromyscus_leucopus 1

296 Cotton Mouse Peromyscus_gossypinus 1

297 Texas Mouse Peromyscus_attwateri 1

298 Golden Mouse Ochrotomys_nuttalli 1

299 Hispid Cotton Rat Sigmodon_hispidus 1

300 Eastern Woodrat Neotoma_floridana 1

301 Praire Vole Microtus_ochrogaster 1

302 Pine Vole Microtus_pinetorum 1

303 Muskrat Ondatra_zibethicus 1

304 Southern Bog Lemming Synaptomys_cooperi 1

305 Black Rat Rattus_rattus 1

306 Norway Rat Rattus_norvegicus 1

307 House Mouse Mus_musculus 1

308 Nutria Myocastor_coypus 2

309 Coyote Canis_latrans 2

310 Red Fox Vulpes_vulpes 2

311 Gray Fox Urocyon_cinereoargenteus 2

312 Black Bear Ursus_americanus 3

313 Ringtail Bassariscus_astutus 2

314 Raccoon Procyon_lotor 2

315 Long-tailed Weasel Mustela_frenata 2

316 Mink Mustela_vison 2

317 Badger Taxidea_taxus 2

318 Spotted Skunk Spilogale_putorius 2

319 Striped Skunk Mephitis_mephitis 2

320 River Otter Lutra_canadensis 2

321 Bobcat Lynx_rufus 2

322 White-tailed deer Odocoileus_virginianus 2

11.11. AR-GAP Avian Review Committee and Panel

Gap Avian Committee Members

Name Agency

John Andre U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Ozark-St. Francis National Forest

Larry Hedrick U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Ouachita National Forest

Earl Hinebrink Arkansas State University

Arthur & Martha Johnson Arkansas Audubon Society

William Jones Arkansas Audubon Society

Sterling Lacy Arkansas Audubon Society

Norman Lavers Arkansas Audubon Society

Max Parker Arkansas Audubon Society

Lance Peacock Nature Conservancy

JoAnne Rife Arkansas Audubon Society

Bill Shepherd Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission

Don Simons Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism

Karen Yaich Arkansas Game & Fish Commission

Gap Avian Panel Members

Name Agency

Donald Catanzaro University of Arkansas at Fayetteville

Douglas James University of Arkansas at Fayetteville

Joesph Neal U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Ouachita National Forest

Kimberly Smith University of Arkansas at Fayetteville

11.12. Breeding Bird Survey Accuracy.

11.12. Continued.

11.12. Continued.

11.12. Continued.

11.13. AR-GAP species state-wide distribution.

11.13. Continued.

11.13. Continued.

11.13. Continued.

11.13. Continued.

11.13. Continued.

11.13. Continued.

11.14. Species/Ownership status.

Tables for sections 11.14. - 11.16. are extensive. For each section, an example table is given below the section title. Remaining tables are available on the CD-ROM and via a hyperlink in the digital version of this report.

11.15. Species/Management status.

Tables for sections 11.14. - 11.16. are extensive. For each section, an example table is given below the section title. Remaining tables are available on the CD-ROM and via a hyperlink in the digital version of this report.

11.16. Percentage habitat in category 1 & 2.

Tables for sections 11.14. - 11.16. are extensive. For each section, an example table is given below the section title. Remaining tables are available on the CD-ROM and via a hyperlink in the digital version of this report.

11.17. Species below the GAP standard area requirement ("gap species").

11.17. Continued.

11.17. Continued.

11.18. Full AR-GAP landcover classification tree in common names.