There are a myriad
of ways of displaying raster data, most made possible by the computer
graphics revolution.
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contours are one of the earliest ways in which geophysical data
were displayed. They offer the advantage that the magnitudes of extreme
anomalies are easily seen, but it is difficult to portray subtle anomalies.
Because the human eye is drawn to the sharp edges created by the contours
it can be difficult to visualize a sense of overall pattern.
- The gray scale
produces photographic-like rendering that is able to show anomalies
of extreme subtlety and is perhaps more responsible for the ongoing
acceptance of geophysical results in archaeology than any other method.
Results can "look like" the buried archaeology. Its principal
disadvantage is that the sizes of anomalies of extreme magnitude are
often lost due to image saturation commonly employed for contrast improvements.
- The color scale
possesses many of the advantages of the gray scale, but since the eye
can distinguish between less than 100 grays and more than 10,000 colors,
the potential for improved visualization seems clear. Color scales can
be designed to emphasize certain measurements or features. Poor color
scales can actually hide significant features and focus or distract
attention on or from certain elements of the image. High contrast between
spatially adjacent colors may also produce false anomalies (see color
palettes).
- The shaded relief
map generates an artificial light source that casts computed shadows
across a surface. With low light angles extremely subtle details can
be emphasized, and changes in light source position can potentially
reveal new anomalies of interest.
- The dot density
plot generates random dots in a density proportionate to the sizes of
the underlying measurements. It best portrays differences between regions
of strongly contrasting measurements.
- The tilted contour
map, stacked profiles (also called trace plots), and the
wireframe (or fishnet) all offer the advantage of generating
a pseudo-three-dimensional effect that allows absolute and relative
measurement magnitudes to be readily visualized.
- The simple profile
represents measurements from a single transect taken across the data
set. While it does not offer a full plan view of the survey area it
does offer considerable insight about the relative magnitudes of relationships.
- The combination
of display modes allows the advantages of several to be offered
simultaneously, as when contours, stacked profiles, or a wireframe are
placed over a color or gray scale image.
(Data source:
Electrical resistance, 50 cm probe separation, acquired at Sluss
Cabin, KS. Study area measures 10 x 10 m. Data have been high-pass
filtered and de-pixelated by interpolation.)
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